Does the January share price for Bloom Energy Corporation (NYSE:BE) reflect itâs really worth? Today, I will calculate the stockâs intrinsic value by taking the expected future cash flows and discounting them to todayâs value. This is done using the Discounted Cash Flows (DCF) model. Donât get put off by the jargon, the math behind it is actually quite straightforward. If you want to learn more about discounted cash flow, the basis for my calcs can be read in detail in the Simply Wall St analysis model. Please also note that this article was written in January 2019 so be sure check out the updated calculation by following the link below.
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I use what is known as a 2-stage model, which simply means we have two different periods of varying growth rates for the companyâs cash flows. Generally the first stage is higher growth, and the second stage is a more stable growth phase. To begin with we have to get estimates of the next five years of cash flows. For this I used the consensus of the analysts covering the stock, as you can see below. The sum of these cash flows is then discounted to todayâs value.
2019 | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | |
Levered FCF ($, Millions) | $92.22 | $154.01 | $197.72 | $231.33 | $268.34 |
Source | Analyst x3 | Analyst x2 | Analyst x2 | Est @ 17%, capped from 40.39% | Est @ 16%, capped from 40.39% |
Present Value Discounted @ 15.47% | $79.87 | $115.51 | $128.43 | $130.13 | $130.73 |
Present Value of 5-year Cash Flow (PVCF)= US$585m
We now need to calculate the Terminal Value, which accounts for all the future cash flows after the five years. For a number of reasons a very conservative growth rate is used that cannot exceed that of the GDP. In this case I have used the 10-year government bond rate (2.7%). In the same way as with the 5-year âgrowthâ period, we discount this to todayâs value at a cost of equity of 15.5%.
Terminal Value (TV) = FCF2023 à (1 + g) ÷ (r â g) = US$268m à (1 + 2.7%) ÷ (15.5% â 2.7%) = US$2.2b
Present Value of Terminal Value (PVTV) = TV / (1 + r)5 = US$2.2b ÷ ( 1 + 15.5%)5 = US$1.1b
The total value is the sum of cash flows for the next five years and the discounted terminal value, which results in the Total Equity Value, which in this case is US$1.6b. In the final step we divide the equity value by the number of shares outstanding. If the stock is an depositary receipt (represents a specified number of shares in a foreign corporation) or ADR then we use the equivalent number. This results in an intrinsic value of $14.98. Compared to the current share price of $9.88, the stock is quite undervalued at a 34% discount to what it is available for right now.
Now the most important inputs to a discounted cash flow are the discount rate, and of course, the actual cash flows. You donât have to agree with my inputs, I recommend redoing the calculations yourself and playing with them. Because we are looking at Bloom Energy as potential shareholders, the cost of equity is used as the discount rate, rather than the cost of capital (or weighed average cost of capital, WACC) which accounts for debt. In this calculation Iâve used 15.5%, which is based on a levered beta of 1.752. This is derived from the Bottom-Up Beta method based on comparable companies, with an imposed limit between 0.8 and 2.0, which is a reasonable range for a stable business.
Whilst important, DCF calculation shouldnât be the only metric you look at when researching a company. What is the reason for the share price to differ from the intrinsic value? For BE, Iâve compiled three important aspects you should look at:
PS. The Simply Wall St app conducts a discounted cash flow for every stock on the NYSE every 6 hours. If you want to find the calculation for other stocks just search here.
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